Often, less is understood about the effects of a regulatory intervention (such as reductions in health risks, for example) than the valuation of those effects.
This also illustrates that the importance of many other factors across these three domains tends to vary: For example, the valuation by households of fuel savings and impacts on time differs greatly between settings and social strata.
Given a state s of M and a set of predicates B, an example of reducing non-determinism is when the valuations of M are canonically partitioned (using B) into m disjoint subsets: valuations of each subset have the same abstract image while valuations of different subsets are mapped into different abstract states.
As another example, in analyzing the valuation of highly valued VC-backed companies (called "unicorns"), he found that these companies on average are overvalued by 50% and that many of the so-called unicorns lose their unicorn status once their fair value is taken into consideration.
Figures 1A, B and 1C display the valuations of each group, for each pair of valuation methods respectively.
Labour's shadow business secretary Chuka Umunna said: "Lord Myners was given a narrow and specific remit and was not asked, for example, to look at the valuation of Royal Mail's property assets whose value the NAO concluded was not properly reflected in the sale.
Also a directly collected generic PBM might not always be preferred to the same measure obtained through mapping, for example, if the latter allowed the valuation of a wider range of CRC-related health states.
For instance, in the example presented above if vi is the valuation of player i for i=1,2, and player 1 has a highest valuation than player 2, then v(1)=v2 and v(2)=v1.
Furthermore, the authors gave two interesting examples of the valuation problems of average options for interest rates.
The earliest example of a HPM applied to the valuation of irrigation water was by Milliman (1959) and Hartman and Anderson (1962).
