This is at the basis, for example, of the differentiation of store formats (i.e., megastores, supermarkets, convenience stores, discounts) and locations (shopping malls, residential area, downtown, etc.; however, their internet sales are also becoming very relevant).
An example is the differentiation of soft tissue in biomedical applications which is typically better imaged when considering the contribution of the phase information [2].
A very common example is the differentiation of grassland or clover-grass cuts according to different needs and demands in quality for either the dairy cows or the biogas plant.
This example mimics the differentiation of Th2 cells, which produce IL-4, which strongly enhances differentiation of naïve cells into more Th2 cells.
For example, during the differentiation of B-cells to antibody-producing plasma cells, pathways of the UPR are employed to expand the ER [ 46].
The use of PCR to diagnose malaria remains a research tool, but may occasionally be useful, particularly when there is doubt about the infecting species, for example in the differentiation of P. knowlesii from P. malariae.
Examples include the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic breast masses [ 7], prognostic and diagnostic classification of breast cancer [ 8], neoplastic versus non-neoplastic disease of the ovary [ 9], and prostate cancer from both men with benign hyperplasia and healthy men [ 10].
For example, the differentiation rate of a stem cell towards a more mature cell type may depend on time [ 7] (Fig. 1 c), cell density [ 8] (Fig. 1 d), the makeup of surrounding niche cells [ 9] or on a combination of these features.
For example, the differentiation route of liver progenitor cells to pancreatic beta cells, which is already reported (34), is determined by successively following the links from 'liver progenitor cell (stem cell ID 802, Figure 4a top) to hepatocyte (differentiated cell ID 160032, Figure 4a bottom)' and from 'hepatocyte to pancreatic beta cell (differentiated cell ID 150041, Figure 4a right)'.
For example, NGF induced the differentiation of PC12 cells into functional dopaminergic neurons [ 9].
