For example, species contributions to beta diversity are expected to change in response to anthropogenic disturbances51.
The total contingent of one taxon (for example, species) within a microbial community.
For example, species with sexual reproduction have lower extinction rates than species with asexual (or clonal) reproduction.
For example, species population data feed into measures of community composition, and trait data are essential components of ecosystem function.
For example, species population distribution can be measured either as presence-only data or as presence absence data.
For example, species of the fungal genus Colletotrichum cause crown rot in bananas.
For example, species that sleep in risky environments spend less time in the relatively vulnerable states of sleep.
For example, species such as eastern bluebirds and chipping sparrows that prefer open woodlands were positively associated with burned habitat.
First, biodiversity is prohibitively expensive to capture comprehensively and therefore only inferable using proxies, for example, species richness of certain 'indicator' taxonomic groups23,24.
For example, species of Oleaceae (e.g., ashes, forsythias, jasmine, and lilacs) typically have two stamens, and species of Buddleja (butterfly bush; a member of Scrophulariaceae) typically have four.
In the south-western United States and Mexico, for example, species of the genus Eleodes are commonly seen doing "headstands", putting their faces down and elevating their rear ends to a nearly vertical position.
