While a good number of today's Alexa apps are not great – fart apps, joke apps and trivia games, for example – the selection has been growing.
For example, individual selection has apparently shaped patterns of ongoing somatic cell differentiation that suppress somatic selection (Pepper et al. 2007).
For example, recurrent selection has been successfully applied for reduction of kernel moisture by the introduction of tropical germplasm into temperate-adapted germplasm [ 5].
Examples are selections using the lasso metaphor or rectangular selections.
Therefore, detecting unambiguous examples of positive selection has been difficult due the difficulty of many methods to differentiate between positive selection and demographic history.
Here, We provide an additional example in which positive selection has promoted the functional divergence of duplicated genes in a secondary metabolic pathway.
Certainly, there are many other examples in which natural selection has been observed, from antibiotic resistance in bacteria to pesticide resistance in mammals and numerous insects, to heavy metal tolerance in many plants, to changes in beak shape in Galapagos finches, to the origin of new species by polyploidy, and on and on.
Selection is indicated by high values of F ST near the selected mutations because, for example, a population in which selection has taken place is expected to differ from other populations (that have not undergone the same selection) in the allele frequency for markers near the mutation.
For example, selection must have been much stronger on the herring and smelt sequences than on the sea raven sequence, but only up until the point at which the two smelts diverged.
For example, centuries of selection have led to crops that provide high grain yields ideal for food production [ 13, 175].
