For example, referral to a sexologist or psychologist may be necessary in case of relationship problems or sexual abuse [ 44].
Interestingly, there were no significant differences between the cases (mean 1.2, SD 2.8) and the controls (mean 0.7, SD 1.8) p=0.515 regarding callers' requests for service, for example, referral to a doctor.
This phenomenon is well understood in health where specific targets, for example referral-to-treatment times in selected conditions or A&E waiting times, suck up resources so things get worse elsewhere.
For example, referrals to mental health services should be arranged for those who experience job-related stress or emotional problems at the work places.
Local variation in practice, for example referral rates to secondary care or procedures for avoiding inpatient admissions, can greatly influence the cost of providing an intervention.
For example, earlier referral to PC services has been shown to reduce ED presentations amongst both adult and paediatric patients when compared to usual care [20,38].
16 This is even lower than reported in our study, but these patients were recruited by general practitioners, and thus may have subsequently received dietary therapy later on in the care trajectory for example, after referral to an orthopaedic surgeon.
For example, a referral to dermatology about a fast-growing keratising skin lesion that does not include body mass index or blood pressure in the letter may still have sufficient essential information.
In Vienna, for example, referral from private practice to the special class is rewarded through 'bringer solutions' [56]; that is, hospital physicians are financially better off (in terms of the physician share) when they refer patients from private practice to the special class.
For example, etanercept requires referral to a specialist and intravenous administration, making the pathway between direct to consumer advertising and drug use complicated.
4. Ensures appropriate processes and infrastructures are in place to uphold the vision of the service (for example, referral criteria, communications infrastructure).
