For example, ratios of binding constants, K(AMP/UMP), K CMP/UMP), and K(GMP/UMP), are 0.78, 1.05, and 0.68, respectively, at a surface pressure of 5 mN m-1, whereas K(AMP/UMP), K CMP/UMP), and K(GMP/UMP) values become 9.89, 8.77, and 5.52, respectively, when compressed to 35 mN m-1.
For example, ratios of carbon isotopes in tree rings (δ13C) allow us to determine atmospheric effects on stomatal conductance and plant gas exchange through time, while tree growth, measured by tree-ring width converted into basal area increment (BAI), is a reliable proxy for total carbon uptake [1], [12].
For example, ratios of one and two represent copy number two and four respectively.
For example, ratios of dietary protein to carbohydrates or dietary carbon (C) to phosphorus (P) have been shown to modify the incidence and intensity of infections [ 17- 19].
For example, ratios ignore patterns in the middle of the wealth and education distributions and tabulations do not shed light on variations within quintiles or education levels.
For example, ratios of aspartate/alanine aminotransferase are used as a reliable biomarker for liver fibrosis [ 5], protein levels of S100-beta are used as a biomarker of treatment response for malignant melanoma [ 6], while mutations of the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known biomarkers predicting the development of breast cancer [ 7].
For example, ratio edge detector [2] and the evolution of the coefficient of variation [12] have been validated with the MMSE for detecting edge and maximum homogeneous area for speckle smoothing, respectively.
Ratios ≤ 1 were recalculated to give negative numbers whose magnitude resembles the extent of repression (for example: ratio of 0.5 was changed to -2).
Information about android and gynoid regions, adipose indices (example: ratio of fat mass: height (kg/m)) and lean plus BMC indices (example: [lean + BMC]/ height (kg/m)) are also available and have been validated in children [ 62].
For example, damage ratios – the ratio of the cost of repair to the building replacement cost– are limited at 1.
The authors also touched the problem of positive to negative training examples ratio and noted that increased numbers of reference compounds generally can lead to improvement in the prediction abilities of SVM.
