For example, neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells upon stimulation with nerve growth factor was mediated by hemichannels through the release of ATP which interacts with purinergic receptors to induce growth, and possibly affect neuronal differentiation [ 177].
For example, neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was dependent on substrate rigidity [ 10].
Previous large-scale gene interaction studies have used endpoint measurements of phenotypes (for example, colony outgrowth at one time point) and binary perturbation states, which have less sensitivity for detecting gene interaction due to lower precision and accuracy of quantifying growth phenotypes [ 36].
Pathobionts are typically kept at low levels within a healthy gut and do not cause problems in immune-competent hosts; however, there are several examples that outgrowth of these organisms can contribute to disease.
Transplants were examined after 8 weeks (examples of outgrowths are shown in Figure 4b to 4d) and the number of outgrowths and the extent to which they filled the mammary fat pads were estimated.
A long-term culture, for example, of neurite outgrowth or growth of cells in soft agar, may further clarify the effect of ccp1 in morphological transformation in the presence or absence of FGF2 in the future.
Emerging questions include the correlation of linkage patterns with structural or mechanical functions for β-glucans and the developmental changes of cell wall architecture, for example, during conidial outgrowth.
Several members of the YABBY family, for example, can restore integument outgrowth in ino-1 mutants.
For example, in UKN4, neurite outgrowth starts on day of differentiation (DoD) 2 and can be measured at DoD3 (Stiegler et al. 2011).
Although it is currently unknown whether mice with disrupted BMP signaling are more susceptible to RA teratogenic effects, there is evidence that both pathways can cooperate during development, for example, during vertebrate limb outgrowth, by inducing interdigital apoptosis (Rodriguez-Leon et al., 1999).
