Furthermore, interventional techniques have made surgical resection safer and some radiological procedures can facilitate post-operative care; for example, pre-operative embolization of vascular tumours and percutaneous gastrostomy.
There are, for example, co-operative colleges operating across much of east, southern and west Africa who already work closely with their local movements.
For example, the operative condition for a pot is the conjunction of the pot-halves; for the felling of a tree, it is the final contact between axe and tree before the tree falls.
Although the study of stress is fraught with problems, there are clearly both immune mechanisms (that is, psychoneuroimmunology) and nonimmune mechanisms (for example, mechanisms operative in conditions such as fibromyalgia, either alone or comorbid with autoimmune disorders) that may be responsible for increased disease activity and/or symptom expression during periods of stress.
For example, low operative stress procedures such as cataract surgery result in delirium in 4% of cases (Milstein et al 2002) in comparison to high surgical risk procedures such as vascular operations which result in delirium in 36% of cases (Marcantonio et al 2002).
This reflects similarities in procedures with aviation (for example, pre-operative checks, induction, extubation, post-operative checks, and awakening).
Many patients undergo elective scheduled ICU admission (for example, post-operative observation or extubation).
For example, post-operative bleeding may occur and be harmful despite impeccable surgical technique.
This is typical in trials of acute sequelae of a predictable event, for example, post-operative pain, chemotherapy nausea or muscle soreness following exercise.
For example, pre-operative radiochemotherapy has been shown to be superior to postoperative radiotherapy in stage II-III tumors reducing local failure rates from 13%to6%6% in the preoperative arm [ 2, 3].
