Such an example is the utilisation of tyrosinase, an enzyme present only in melanocytes, for the detection of MRD in melanoma patients (Li et al, 2000).
This hypothesis is also supported by results of the Swiss Health Survey in 2002 showing, for example, variations in the utilisation of general healthcare services and cancer screening modalities according to sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the Swiss resident population [ 20].
For example, the utilisation of the emergency department for asthma management accounts for almost one-third of all asthma costs in the United States [ 5].
If electricity is a clear example of a successful case of codified knowledge, the utilisation of geothermal water is a complex combination of diverse capabilities cumulated into tacit knowledge and, essentially, learning by doing.
One example of technically improved utilisation is the VEL wagon, which is a 26��m long wagon with two bogies that can load two 40 feet containers or three swap-bodies (or combinations of unit loads including High cubes) on an 80 ft loading area.
In a similar example of linear research utilisation, evidence for the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapy in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria was used to change malaria treatment policy in the KwaZulu-Natal province [ 56].
"The excavation is another example of utilisation of archaeology and history for ideological purposes… [which] will not serve to establish comprehensive peace between the two peoples, the Palestinian and Israeli peoples," Hamdan Taha, assistant deputy minister in charge of antiquities in the Palestinian Authority, told the Associated Press.
Selected examples of utilisation of the BioSAXS method for characterization of various types of liquid crystalline nanoorganizations (liposome, spongosome, cubosome, hexosome, and nanostructured lipid carriers) are discussed in view of the successful encapsulation and protection of phytochemicals and therapeutic biomolecules in the hydrophobic or the hydrophilic compartments of the nanocarriers.
However, there has been limited investigation of the utilisation of sewage sludge for geotechnical applications.
(The Eclampsia Collaborative Group. Lancet 1995; 345:1455–63)" (p. 28) The policy document review therefore showed very concrete and explicit examples of research utilisation in policy making and guideline development.
