For example, comparisons of substitutions between preferred and unpreferred codons in A. thaliana and A. lyrata found no significant difference in selection intensity in these two lineages (Wright et al. 2002, 2007).
These examples of substitution are biased to clinical tasks rather than preventive services, but this probably reflects communities' health needs.
This is an example of "diagnostic substitution" — as information on new autism classifications has gradually spread, the label "autistic" has been used more commonly for children who previously would have been labeled something else.
An example of a substitution to achieve idiomatic equivalence was the word "cranky," a North American colloquialism that was translated into "bad tempered/moody" in UK English, "bizarre" in French, "genervt" in German and "irritable" in Spanish.
The Recombineering approach based on generated PCR products might be used not only for target genes disruption, but for integration of relatively short DNA fragments, for example, for substitution of recombinant regulatory regions (i.e. promoter, RBS) of a particular gene for its native regulatory region [ 16- 19].
For example, the frequency of substitutions from valine to isoleucine in the nonpolar, aliphatic R group was 2.4% in group [S-C], but 0.6% in group [M-C].
Table 3 shows examples of possible substitutions (details of the algorithms can be found in the Supplementary Material).
An example of a parallel substitution is the substitution between Val and Gly at the site 81 (Gregersen et al. 1986), which was frequently observed on several branches in the non-PBR tree.
Similar examples of primitive substitution or transposition ciphers abound in the history of other civilizations.
Each quad represents instances of simultaneous variations in two positions from two sequences and can be illustrated on the example of charge compensatory substitutions.
