As noted in Introduction with the example of leaf-type recognition, we may encounter the case where no predefined class exists in bioimage recognition tasks.
For example, the presence of leaf fungus was significantly positively correlated with presence of two of the mechanical damage categories, leaf mines and necrosis spots.
For example, some types of leaf tissue could have higher concentrations of PCR-inhibiting secondary metabolites.
For example, the number of leaf class labels is sixty-five and the number of proteins is five thousand and seven in the enzyme benchmark dataset.
For example, over-prediction of leaf area index from four to five increases fractional interception by only 5% and therefore has little effect on predicted crop production.
For example, the construction of leaf tools in New Caledonian crows was assumed to be too complex a task to acquire without social influence until experiments showed that tools of surprising complexity could be produced by individuals reared in isolation (Kenward et al. 2006).
One of the most striking examples of a leaf moth is the Japanese noctuid moth Oraesia excavata, whose dorsal forewings exhibit a special resemblance to a leaf with leaf venation patterns [ 29].
Numerous examples of partial leaf necrosis on intact leaves of trees in the Cycadaceae and Arecaceae families resulted during the desiccating damage imposed by the typhoon (Fig. 1).
We studied the November 2013 Typhoon Haiyan damage to observe that numerous examples of partial leaf necrosis on intact leaves of trees in the Cycadaceae and Arecaceae families resulted, leaving behind a copious amount of arboreal dead leaf material attached to live leaves.
For example, the same level of leaf harvest might have a negative effect on fruigvore populations when alternative food sources are rare but not when they are plentiful.
For example, our static sampling of leaf damage, while a good proxy for chronic herbivory, precludes any potentially important insect herbivore outbreaks.
