Examples of indications for which PROs consistently serve as primary endpoints include painful conditions, such as migraine and neuropathic pain, as well as functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Therefore, our aim was to compare recall using two questionnaires differing in structure and length (long questionnaire including indication/drug-specific questions vs. short questionnaire including one open-ended question and several examples of indications and drugs).
As an example of how indications and contraindications can play out in the stage classification of a particular student, consider the work of Student 4. Student 4 exhibited three, related weak contraindications of having constructed an aTNS by drawing in all the items in three fairly easy tasks, including Cupcake Task A and another task that required simple subtraction.
The EMA approval of Inflectra is an example of extrapolation of indications.
A good example of confounding by indication in the included studies was the management of patient with DI.
The correlation with antihypertensive medication may be an example of confounding by indication, i.e. that patients with more severe and more advanced disease required antihypertensive medication and had also higher rates of albuminuria.
Bad obstetric history was not associated with a risk of home delivery, it could be explained in a way that as a typical example of confounding by indication that mothers with bad obstetric history would choose hospital delivery so that risk of home delivery is low but not sufficient to produce higher risk of hospital delivery.
Many aspects of this relationship most notably, whether treating depression lowers the increased risk of diabetes have yet to be examined in a controlled manner, although there is suggestive evidence that antidepressant use is associated with elevated, not lowered, risk of diabetes, possibly an example of confounding by indication (36).
We hypothesized that a single-item questionnaire complemented with examples of the indications and medicines that are expected to be more frequent in the population studied could yield similar estimates of the prevalence of drug utilization to an extended multi-item questionnaire addressing the utilization of medicines for several indications.
We used this example as an indication of the antiquity of tRNA-dependent pathways in such organisms.
There is, for example, an indication of risk in concentrating on incentives only, and, in consequence, the failure to ensure a sufficiently comprehensive view of exclusionary pressures in the system or for the child.
