In this paper, we show examples of forest management alternatives at macro- and meso-scales that could contribute to improve water conservation in forest plantation landscapes.
Using Generation 3 of the Canadian General Circulation Model and ClimateBC (a climate interpolation and downscaling tool), bioclimatic envelopes were developed for three examples of forest conservation targets.
The overall picture is among the most extreme examples of forest destruction anywhere in the world".
For example, an indicator exclusively representative of forest, such as moose, Alces alces, receives a basic weight of 1 in a forest, but 0 in other major ecosystems.
For example, disturbance of forest by wind and fire has enduring influences on regional carbon stocks and fluxes (e.g. Bradford et al. (2008), Coomes et al. (2012), Holdaway et al. (2014)) and appear to be increasing in response to changing climate.
However, prevention policies must consider the role that humans play in wildfires, since, for example, 95% of forest fires in Europe are related to human involvement.
For example, maintenance of forest fragments in the plantation landscape is likely to increase biodiversity, but is also likely to reduce erosion and flooding if maintained around river margins.
A qualitative assessment of heterogeneity (for example, inspection of forest plots or noting heterogeneous results) was made in 10/166 (6.0%) included reviews.
We speculate this may be attributed to an increased contribution of POC sourced from the wider Rianila basin (that is, less disturbed C3 forest), where there is less influence of human settlement (for example, logging of forest, agriculture, roads) on basin vegetation distribution.
