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The postmeiotic expression of G6pdx in Mus spretus points towards the continuous evolution of X-chromosome silencing and provides an example of expression change accompanying the out-of-the X-chromosomal retroposition.
Thus, SSP and BSK1 provide an example of expression change after gene duplication that has contributed to the distinctiveness of the pollen transcriptome.
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One decreased expression and increased risk of MS, rs12946510, and the other, rs907091, increased expression had no effect on risk of MS. The mechanism by which rs12946510 decreased expression of IKZF3 was unclear from the sequence alone and this example serves to illustrate that the effect of expression changes on disease risk is context dependent and not always straightforward to interpret.
As an example of the expression changes induced by carboplatin exposure, Figure 1 illustrates the over time fold expression changes of selected genes of two of these pathways (TNFR2 and cytokine and inflammatory response pathways).
In a very specific example of how expression changes can lead to phenotypic divergence, the expression changes in yeast that facilitated the emergence of anaerobic metabolism have been identified and shown to be due to the evolution of a specific cis-regulatory sequence motif [ 16].
A previously reported example of expression and functional change after WG duplication, involving pollen, is the SSP and BSK1 pair (Liu and Adams 2010).
The expression levels of these genes gradually increased as ES cells differentiated into each lineage (see Supplementary data for examples of gene expression changes).
For example, the expression changes of miRNAs can also contribute to autoimmunity9.
The evolutionary advantages of genomic polyploidy in flowering plants and animals have been discussed in several reviews (Comai 2005; Sémon and Wolfe 2007; Arrigo and Barker 2012); for example, gene expression changes, buffering of deleterious mutations, and sub- and neofunctionalization of duplicated genes.
An example of weak evidence is: expression change detected in a microarray plus existence of a binding site – for a certain TF – detected 'by eye' by the researcher.
Confirmation of the expression change of lncRNAs.
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