For example, evidence of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and aortic stenosis may become detectable already during childhood.
A good example of accelerated atherosclerosis in the setting of an ARD is SLE, in which endothelial dysfunction, an early step in the atherogenesis process, is observed before cardiovascular events can occur.
For example, we have developed TMV-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement agents and demonstrated molecular MRI in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.
We know, for example, that signs of atherosclerosis are present in early childhood [ 8], and reduced vascular function has been identified as part of the atherosclerotic process.
The role of CXCL10 in CVD has been extensively described, for example for atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, and myocardial infarction.
For example, the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) reported a significant association between serum total 25(OH D concentrations and coronary heart disease in Caucasian subjects, but no association in African-American subjects.
For example, in murine models of atherosclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and obesity-induced diabetes, mice deficient in CCL2 and/or CCR2 have markedly reduced monocyte accumulation in diseased tissue and are protected from disease (Charo & Ransohoff, 2006).
Example (eligibility criteria): The presence of atherosclerosis was determined by ≥50% stenosis in at least one coronary artery at cardiac catheterization, by history of previous myocardial infarction, previous angioplasty, previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery, previous ischemic stroke, or documented peripheral arterial disease.
A significant example of this is the progression of atherosclerosis, which has been demonstrated to be a TLR2 dependent process [ 45].
For example, a study on the comparison of atherosclerosis QTLs in humans and mice showed that 17 out of 27 loci mapped in humans correspond to homologous mouse QTLs [ 23], although there remains some uncertainty about the validity of this comparison [ 15].
