Fallacies can, for example, be understood as violations of the rules for critical discussion, and the development of such discussion incorporates the use of schemes of argument.
Some standards that we employ in making a statement, for example, are understood to be merely guidelines or rule of thumb, not direct applications of the statement's truth conditions.
Worlds may be conceived in various ways: they may, for example, be understood as possible universes in alethic modal logic, times or moments in tense logic, permissible conditions in deontic logic, or epistemically possible states of knowledge in intuitionistic logic.
They may for example be understood to form part of the unemployment conditions of public employees.118 This raises the possibility of particular individuals being sanctioned or suffering consequences where they fail to act as expected.
Others motivated by post-modern considerations concerning the nature of the self, rationality, language, and identity, are also suspicious of the manner in which the basic concepts operative in liberal theories of justice ("autonomy" for example) are understood as fixed, transparent, and without their own political presuppositions (see, e.g., Butler 1990; for general discussion see White 1990).
Admittedly, some measure of circularity is inevitable in such a method, since the way examples are understood and analyzed is also informed by the definition and the construction of the theoretical concept.
In India, for example, blood is understood as a repository of strength and its loss associated with weakness (Starr 1998: 186; Copeman 2009b).
For example, it is understood that development of practical semisolid drug delivery platforms for vaginal application requires a fundamental understanding of their rheological, textural, and mucoadhesive properties within the vaginal vault.
For example, if it is understood that most new learners require a period of time in which they prefer to only read messages online before actively participating, this could be outlined in the instructions for participation.
For example, when a cause is understood as being actual rather than merely potential, does our conception of it qua cause change in any way?
