For example, in humans disordered proteins with long disordered regions are estimated at 44% of the proteome12.
The subheading was amended on 25 August 2015 to clarify that the new finding is not the first example in humans of the theory of epigenetic inheritance.
When there is a mismatch between this internal "clock" and the external surroundings, it can affect the organism's wellbeing – for example, in humans, when we experience jet lag.
"This is the most extreme example in humans that you can find," said Rasmus Nielsen, an evolutionary biologist at the University of California at Berkeley.
Prostaglandins are very potent; for example, in humans some affect blood pressure at concentrations as low as 0.1 microgram per kilogram of body weight.
For example, in humans, variations in a gene known as TERC (telomerase RNA [ribonucleic acid] component), which encodes an RNA segment of the telomerase enzyme, have been associated with reduced telomere length and an increased rate of biological aging.
The number of mitochondria per cell varies widely; for example, in humans, erythrocytes (red blood cells) do not contain any mitochondria, whereas liver cells and muscle cells may contain hundreds or even thousands.
For example, in humans and chimpanzees, the protein molecule called cytochrome c, which serves a vital function in respiration within cells, consists of the same 104 amino acids in exactly the same order.
Though other genome sequencing efforts -- for example, in humans or the laboratory staple fruit fly -- have attracted more attention, the Brazilian target, an odd little bacterium known as Xylella fastidiosa, distinguishes itself as the first to be decoded of the countless nasty species that together cost farmers and foresters many billions of dollars each year.
Her team's work is the clearest example in humans of the transmission of trauma to a child via what is called "epigenetic inheritance" - the idea that environmental influences such as smoking, diet and stress can affect the genes of your children and possibly even grandchildren.
For example, in humans, evidence suggests that emotional arousal experienced after learning can facilitate consolidation, leading to increased retention of material, as assessed through recognition and recall tasks (e.g., Anderson et al. 2006; Cahill & Alkire, 2003; Knight & Mather, 2009).
