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For example, for the item "I believe that the campus culture ('does not value teaching' to 'values teaching')," a lower score means that faculty responses were closer to the left-most "does not value teaching" anchor (1), and a higher score means that faculty responses were closer to the right-most "values teaching" anchor (7), with an exact midpoint at 4.0.
For example, for the item "reference test execution", while more than 90% of the studies reported the reference test execution (STARD), only less than 25% of them did it in an adequate and clear manner (QUADAS).
For example, for the item "We have enough staff to handle our patient load," if 30%% of respondents within a medical office responded "Strongly agree" and 40%% responded "Agree", the item-level percent positive response would be 30%% + 40%% = 70%%.
For example, for the item "Mistakes happen more than they should in this office," if 60%% of respondents within a medical office responded "strongly disagree" and 20%% responded "disagree", the item-level percent positive response would be 80%% (i.e., 80%% of respondents do not believe mistakes happen more than they should in this office).
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For example, for the items concerning delirium, pressure ulcer, urinary collection device, (instrumental) activities of daily living, nutritional intake, treatments, etc., the literal translation did not match the wording of well-known expressions used in Flemish literature and clinical practice.
For example, for the five-item Krause scale, overall ratings varied among the four interviewers from a mean of 6.2 points to 9.4 points.
For example, the item selected for social impact would ask about missing 'planned activities' (rather than a more specific question about missing 'work', 'study' or 'a social event').
For example the item 'Moral consensus for care achieved in the patient cases' was sorted into the following subdomains, depending on the Delphi-member: 'Concrete steps taken in the patient cases', 'Organisation consistent with ethical standards' and 'Enhanced collaboration'.
For example, for item N1, the average item score climbs consistently as the total subscale score increases, approaching a maximum value of six out of the seven options.
For example, the item "there are no side effects for the medicines prescribed by the doctor" is representative of a "perceived competence" dimension of trust.
For example, if the item was originally for $250 and you knocked the price down to $200, then start from $275 and start from there.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com