This is the case, for example, for cardiac output, blood pressure, mixed venous oxygen saturation, minute ventilation, etc.
For example, for cardiac procedures, Hannan and Kumar [ 11] found more than a three-fold variation in age/sex adjusted CABG rates and more than a two-fold variation in age/sex adjusted PCI rates in 12 regions in New York State.
For example, 12 for cardiac arrhythmia monitor/recorder, 6 for wireless capsule endoscope, and 12 for insulin pump.
A- and B-sets also exhibited distinct enrichment signatures for many known TF motifs, for example, those for cardiac kernel TFs GATA4, HAND1, and MEF2 were only enriched in the B-set of the NKX2-5 WT/∆HD comparison.
It is possible that Sesns exhibit a protective role in the mammalian muscle and heart too (through AMPK signalling) and could be responsible for example for preventing cardiac dysfunction during aging and obesity.
Examples include Whsc1 for cardiac and midline abnormalities, Fgfr3 and Ctbp1 for skeletal abnormalities, and Fgfr3, Ctbp1, Tacc3 and Hspx153 for growth retardation (Abrams and Jiao, 2009; Näf et al., 2001; Nimura et al., 2009; Simon and Bergemann, 2008).
While mortality can be considered the primary outcome, over the years technological advances have led to a significant decrease in mortality for certain patient populations, for example cardiac surgery patients.
Other disease connections are more complex, for example cardiac insufficiency is a risk factor for stroke [24] which increases the risk for vascular dementia [25].
For example, cardiac autonomic dysfunction is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in diabetes (3, 17) and is usually diagnosed according to impaired HRV (1, 18).
The primary vascular diagnostic method was chosen based on the patient's level of consciousness, comorbidities (for example, a cardiac pacemaker was a contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), and severity of symptoms.
For example, cardiac output is augmented by increasing heart rate.
