In the present experiments, the evidence for retrograde, exercise-induced memory enhancements was consistent but noisy (see, for example, experiments 3 and 4, which replicated the pattern but not the statistical significance of the effect).
For example, experiments by Bouma and Lenski (1988) show a reduction in fitness of strains carrying an antibiotic resistance plasmid.
Several gene products have been shown to influence somatic homolog pairing in flies; for example, experiments using dsRNAs and chemical inhibitors targeting Topoisomerase 2 (Top2 ) have demonstrated its requirement for normal pairing of homologous euchromatic sequences in cultured Drosophila cells (Williams et al. 2007).
Similar negative correlations between the severities of take-all in consecutive crops have been reported previously in, for example, experiments testing fungicides, and have been tentatively attributed to differences in the potency of TAD in the second of two crops as a consequence of differences in disease in the first (Bateman et al., 2004).
Joseph Dwyer, a Florida Institute of Technology lightning researcher, says: "It is an interesting idea, but much more work is needed to establish a connection between cosmic rays and lightning, for example, experiments to measure radio pulses and air showers simultaneously".
Finally, two example experiments with different preload and stimulation conditions on cardiomyocytes are presented.
For example, experiments showed induction of autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction.
For example, experiments in Figs. 3A and 3B have a very similar overall design – why are the results shown very differently?
For example, experiments in fly [ 10] and rat models [ 11, 15] found opposite effects of phosphomimetic mutant α-syn on neuronal degeneration, and differing effects of phosphorylation on the propensity of α-syn to form aggregates have also been reported [ 6, 10, 11, 16, 35].
For example, experiments using luciferase or GFP methods could be confirmed and generalised using our universally applicable PCR approach.
