Artefacts, for example deformation or compression of histological slices, and the problematic alignment of sections make 3D reconstructions a laborious and often highly subjective procedure.
With the likelihood of repeat surgeries, preference should be given to uncovered stents or bare metal stents because some stent types may cause complications in future surgeries, for example, deformation during cross-clamping.
By means of two example deformations with two different free energy densities the accuracy of the alternative method is clearly depicted over the complete range of fibre distributions.
Variational inequalities arise in optimal stochastic control [29] as well as in other problems in mathematical physics, for examples, deformation of elastic bodies stretched over solid obstacles, elastoplastic torsion, and so forth, [30].
Atypical example for deformation fields distribution in one of the bridge crossing sections under traffic load is provided.
For example, road deformation may result from a combination of increasing temperatures, but also from higher traffic volume or decreasing bitumen quality.
These displacements can be used to calculate the complete 2D or 3D strain tensor field to study, for example, heterogeneous deformation responses of materials during loading.
For example, oscillatory deformation experiments of water-saturated granular matter and simultaneous pore-water pressure measurements have been conducted to constrain the strain needed for liquefaction (e.g., Vucetic 1994).
For example, excessive deformation or fluid pressure may lead to ischemia of the tissues (due to blood vessel collapse [5]) and a subsequent hypoxia and accompanying inflammatory response [6], while excessive fluid shear forces may result in changes in extracellular matrix (e.g. collagen density and alignment produced by fibroblasts [7], [8], [9].
For example, shear deformation of the interfibrillar matrix [ 17] or debonding of mineral crystals from the neighboring collagen fibrils [ 16] can induce spectral changes in the random laser emission.
For example, brain deformation during mild acceleration of the head of volunteers has been quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (Bayly et al. 2005; Feng et al. 2010), helping to elucidate the role of the skull brain interface and the mechanisms leading to traumatic brain injury.
