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First, it quantifies the role of mutation in generating skew so that its effect on composition, for example codon bias, can be assessed.
First, using the model we can quantify the role of mutation in generating skew so that the effect on composition, for example codon bias, can be assessed.
For example, codon bias is a strong predictor of essential genes in both organisms studied here, but a study of 80 bacterial genomes revealed that 30% have no codon bias [ 29].
For example, codon bias is known to be stronger in conserved sites, which are presumably more important for function, apparently to reduce translation errors of amino acid substitution in these regions (Akashi 1994; Stoletzky and Eyre-Walker 2007).
For example, codon bias is typically associated with only weak selective advantages, whereas the fitness advantage during the evolution of drug resistance in pathogens or pesticide resistance in insects can be on the order of 10% or larger.
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If A and G appear with equal frequency (for example, if no codon bias exists), then the equilibrium end point ER = 0.5.
The power of the QIPP score could be improved by the use of additional criteria which are likely to reflect purifying selection, such as codon bias, for example.
This is analogous to the aforementioned example of how N-terminal codon bias influences translation efficiency, although our understanding of the regulation of mammalian mRNA translation remains limited.
Because these model parameters, such as codon bias and splice site patterns, vary between species, training a gene-finder on a representative set of example genes from the target species is closely related to the accuracy of the resulting predictions.
Other studies, for example Wall and Herbeck's study of codon bias in the plastid gene rbcL [ 44], also have found that codon usage patterns are not explained by G+C patterns.
For example, although features such as protein size and codon bias were predictive of essentiality, their accuracy as well as the sets of proteins which they identified varied between the two organisms.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com