It is interesting to note that artificially reducing the other sources of stochasticity by for example averaging across trials, that one produces pattern distributions exhibiting essentially only bistable patterns.
First, the use of school catchment areas, which are defined by the municipality, reduces the variability of environmental variables of participants, for example, by calculating average values of these variables in oftentimes large areas.
An example of the averaged minute-by-minute MAD values across all activities including the time changing from one activity to another was also performed in relation to single participant's accelerations to illustrate the comparability of MAD values in more real-world conditions as suggested by Welk et al. [ 17].
The people claiming that the numbers justified home prices were by and large simply doing it wrong, for example by using national averages rather than focusing on the areas where prices had risen a lot.
Our application is the rare case where median filling actually introduces errors into the data set for example by assigning an average amount of research and development investment to every company, when 70% of the market actually spends nothing on R&D.
All things being equal as measured, for example, by grade point averages (GPAs)—pupils from socially disadvantaged families are diverted from academically oriented tracks and instead opt for VET.
The selection may influence outcome, for example, by increasing the average size of improvement by requiring a minimum severity or by excluding difficult-to-treat patients.
In case both protein and metabolite abundance is measured, a weight could be calculated by combining the (differential) abundances of the two interaction participants, for example by taking the average.
Last year, NPD and the National Association of Recording Merchandisers, an industry group, found that when people had access to music anytime — through a streaming service, for example — additional spending by average fans fell much more than among the most passionate ones.
Numbers of plants affected by the disease in summer, for example, averaged 36.5 and 9.8%, respectively.
