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Finally, we did not examine trials using only other quality of life or health survey instruments beyond SF-36.
The systematic evaluation of bias or risk of bias remains an essential aspect of evidence synthesis, as it forces reviewers to critically examine trials.
However, two recent trials with DPP-4 inhibitors, SAVOR-TIMI 53 and EXAMINE trials, showed that saxagliptin and alogliptin did not increase or decrease ischemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes [ 39, 40].
Despite these evidences, in a recent meta-analysis of 94 RCTs enrolling 85224 patients, including data from SAVOR-TIMI 53 and EXAMINE trials, Savarese et al. [ 82] observed that gliptins did not affect all-cause and CV mortality, as well as stroke, both in short- (<29 weeks) and long-term (≥29 weeks) therapies.
This finding would need to be further evaluated, in particular because similar results were not observed in the recent SAVOR-TIMI 53 and EXAMINE trials [ 12- 14].
These findings agree with the CV neutral findings of the SAVOR-TIMI 53 (hazard ratio for treatment with saxagliptin of 1.00 [95% CI, 0.89 1.12]) and those of the EXAMINE trials (hazard ratio for treatment with alogliptin, 0.96; upper boundary of the one-sided repeated confidence interval, 1.16) 29 for the respective primary composite CV end points.
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We used a fast event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design to examine trial-to-trial reaction time (RT) adjustments in 30 MA abusers and 30 controls.
We will also examine trial design; ethical, legal, and organizational aspects of clinical research; application of statistical methods; and the integration of these concepts into practice.
To examine trial specific effects, only trials from the incentive blocks were included.
To examine trial heterogeneity, we added treatment by trial interaction terms to the model.
A data monitoring committee will examine trial safety by reviewing any adverse events at regular intervals.
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