Downar et al. [15] used fMRI to examine modality- specific and common networks underlying the passive detection of changes in sensory stimulation in visual, auditory and tactile modalities.
Although there are no previous studies that examine modality-based differences in PFC functional connectivity using analogous tasks, there are studies that show input modality-based dissociations in the PFC.
Examining modality; pharmaceuticals and vaccinations had higher and more varied cost-effectiveness ratios than other modalities, whilst allied health interventions and inpatient care had the lowest median cost-effectiveness ratios.
These results, although limited by the number of synesthetes, could guide research examining modality-specific cortical excitability in other forms of synesthesia and investigations of how neurochemicals, such as GABA or glutamate, affect the occurrence and development of synesthesia, thus implicating models of conscious awareness in the visual domain.
To examine another modality of tactile sensation, especially hair movement sensation, we adopted a tape response assay described previously13.
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how modality of input (auditory or visual) affects prefrontal cortex (PFC) functional connectivity for simple working memory tasks.
The aim of this study was to examine treatment modalities, health care resource utilization, and costs in patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis (IC).
One first needs, however, to examine the modalities along which time and the body can be represented.
Specifically, we reviewed the literature to first examine the modalities in which such treatments were delivered (computer, smartphone, watch and other), types of behavioral intervention delivered (CBT, biofeedback, relaxation, other), the headache type being treated, duration of the treatment, adherence, and outcomes obtained by the trials.
Experimental pain tests examine single modalities of pain whereas in clinical pain practice a noxious stimulus often produces pain which has different facets.
To circumvent these caveats and examine signalling modalities of HGF/Met in a system where they exert direct control of axonal growth and guidance, we chose to investigate the motor nerve pattern in the dorsal hindlimb.
