As far as the examination of the instrument goes, there is precisely the same proof that the eye was made for vision, as there is that the telescope was made for assisting it.
Consequently, results of IVs estimation, like any other results obtained from observational studies, should be taken with scientific caution and critical examination of the instrument.
Moreover, a translation into different languages and an examination of the instrument's psychometric properties in different countries all over the world, could allow an evaluation of its culture fairness.
Earlier examinations of the instrument, mainly in the 1970s by Derek J. de Solla Price, a Yale historian who died in 1983, led to similar findings, but they were generally disputed or ignored.
The current evaluation of HOS, which will conclude in Fall 2004, includes three components: 1) a description of the context of HOS development, 2) an examination of the HOS instrument and operational protocols, and 3) an assessment of the policy issues concerning the utility of HOS data.
Questionnaire items were generated through a review of the literature and an examination of instruments in the literature, particularly work by Dickson and Tutty [ 29] and Moore et al. [ 30].
Future studies are required for the further examination of the validity of the instruments.
From examination of the various criteria and instruments previously identified, surrogate markers of indicators of aberrant behaviours suggestive of problematic prescription opioid misuse were proposed for this M-PEM study based on the Chabal criteria.
