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We used parallel cytochrome b gene sequencing reported in literature as a gold standard in molecular classification of mammals [3], [9] (Table S1) since the simple morphological examination of teeth may lack specificity.
Because of the sole morphological examination of teeth could be misleading, species classification was confirmed in parallel by partial sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene used as the gold standard (Table S1) [9].
While a Lamb3 mouse model exists, recessive mutants died within 24 h of birth and no examination of teeth was performed.
Standard veterinary examination of teeth in sheep would be an essential part of the clinical investigation procedures which enables age estimation or poor productive potential indication [ 9].
In the current study, examination of teeth from individuals with DD-I revealed defined features of the disease, including clinically normal crowns, increased tooth mobility, radiographic obliteration of pulp chambers, periapical radiolucent lesions, and short blunted roots.
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Ground truth was achieved by histologic examination of tooth sections.
The participants' teeth were dried for five seconds with an air/water syringe to better enable the examination of tooth surfaces.
Examination of tooth pairs, all C's, maxillary I2, M2 and the mandibular P4 would, in this population result in identification of 92.9% of all dogs and 97.3% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm, and 65.5% of all dogs and 83.2% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm.
This study investigated the presence of talon cusps in permanent teeth; no examination of permanent teeth in children was attempted.
The examination of the teeth was done in an orderly manner from one tooth or tooth space to the adjacent tooth or tooth space.
Observers' assessments were compared with histologic examinations of tooth sections.
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