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Again, is very difficult to determine the exactly evolutionary relationship among genes.
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Certainly, in the real world, the coupled process between government communication and rumor spreading is very complicated, and it is hard to exactly describe its evolutionary process from a theoretical ad hoc model.
Interestingly, divergence did not exactly retrace the evolutionary trajectory of convergence.
There are several hypotheses about what the mitochondrial genetic bottleneck is exactly and what evolutionary force causes it.
Even single locus phylogenies may not describe exactly the species' evolutionary history, the cpDNA intergenic spacers trnG-trnS and psbA-trnH combined are successfully informative to draw the phylogeographic pattern in Calibrachoa species [ 32, 33] and related genus Petunia[ 7].
The resulting phylogenetic network, regardless of the algorithm used, will be an explicit (in the sense that it represents exactly the assumed evolutionary mechanism) weighted and directed consensus network as shown in detail in Figure 3.
I then computed the average ΔS for the substitutions we observed, and calculated the Z statistic using E[ΔS] and V[ΔS] computed exactly using the evolutionary model or using the long-time limit approximation.
Using this checklist, students can see exactly why investigations of evolutionary biology stand up as science.
They can observe and copy, exactly as in the evolutionary learning computer tournament, tactics and strategies used by other organisations.
In order to search for the global optimal solution exactly, one of the evolutionary algorithms, differential evolution (DE) algorithm is employed based on the constructed Kriging surrogate model.
And what do these factors exactly represent from an evolutionary point of view?
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