Exact(3)
Thus, genetic parameter estimates for host susceptibility and infectivity would need to be inferred in the absence of information of exact infection time or individual infection status.
However, these observational studies could not estimate the time from infection to relapse or relapse periodicity because exact infection times were unknown.
Since exact infection dates are not known, the midpoint between the last HPV-negative visit and the first HPV-positive visit date was used as the estimated infection incident date for calculation of person-time at risk.
Similar(57)
Camels are the likely animal source for zoonotic infection, although exact transmission modes remain to be determined.
It is generally thought that sheep become infected early in life, but in natural disease the exact timing of infection is never known and infection may occur repeatedly throughout the course of the disease; adult sheep are certainly susceptible to scrapie infection [ 8].
Although our worst case scenario potentially overestimates the optimal length of quarantine, a more realistic scenario requires the exact time of infection for all incoming infected individuals, which is in principle impractical (see Appendix for more detailed insights into this issue).
The exact type of infection was not always mentioned although eight stated that they were told the infection was Group B Streptococcus.
Although the exact time of infection (antepartum, intrapartum, or postnatal) is not documented, we could reasonably estimate the time of infection as being the date of birth.
20 It is difficult in community-based studies to determine the exact timing of infection and illness because presentation with signs or symptoms may be several days after initial infection.
Thus, the exact cause of infection in the study subjects could not be determined conclusively, although epidemiological and clinical data strongly pointed to B. miyamotoi infection.
The exact route of infection for humans is not known.
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