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Some insight has been gained from naturally occurring COPD exacerbation studies, but these studies are limited by variability in factors such as time between virus infection and presentation and treatments initiated prior to sampling.
In conclusion, a cluster analysis of participants taking part in two exacerbation studies of SFC versus SAL identified three distinct groups of COPD subjects based on diuretic use and reversibility.
We suggest that the present approach, involving dsRNA challenge-induced worsening and expansion of allergic lung inflammation, complements RV infection-induced exacerbation studies and is useful for the study of mechanisms and pharmacology of single and repeated exacerbations of experimental mouse asthma.
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The study investigated patients who were concurrently enrolled in a longitudinal "biomarkers in COPD exacerbation" study.
Seventy-five patients enrolled in the Biomarkers in COPD Exacerbation study, who had previously undergone a CT scan as part of their clinical management, were studied.
Patients with a physician diagnosis of COPD as per GOLD Global Initiativee for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria were recruited consecutively from general respiratory clinics and through local advertising to enter the longitudinal Biomarkers in COPD Exacerbation study.
The rate of severe asthma exacerbations as a primary endpoint would not have been feasible due to the infrequent occurrence of such events in a general asthma population [ 9]; consequently, the number of eligible patients with asthma in the study population is insufficient to have adequate statistical power for an exacerbation study.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations study randomized 949 patients with decompensated heart failure to receive intravenous milrinone or placebo.
During exacerbations, study coordinators will see the participants as soon as possible and will codify all exacerbations according to Paggiaro's criteria [ 22].
However, in the INSPIRE (Investigating New Standards for Prophylaxis in Reduction of Exacerbations) study (table 1) that compared LABA plus ICS (salmeterol/fluticasone propionate) with tiotropium, overall exacerbation rates were similar [ 14].
While one study showed that cognitive functioning did not improve three months after the exacerbation, other studies showed that cognitive functioning is reversible after six months [ 12, 67, 68].
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