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I utilised workshop specific questionnaires, a general ex-post survey and participatory observation.
Current evaluation methods are generally integrally or qualitatively based on statistic data or ex-post survey with less diagnosis into the process and dynamics of historical flood events.
In three workshops with water managers, the simulation game 'Sustainable Delta' was played to test the influence of the game on their understanding of climate change uncertainty using ex ante and ex post surveys.
The research design employed was ex-post facto survey design.
While certain assumptions on the behavior of farm families can be made based on the survey an ex-post analysis on the impact of the Affordable Care Act on farm decision making is out of scope of this paper.
The quantitative study employed an ex-post facto research design via cross-sectional survey among 1626 youth corps members across selected National Youth Service Corps NYSCC) orientation camps in Nigeria.
The ex-ante approach addresses hypothetical bias in the survey design stage while the ex-post approach addresses hypothetical bias with follow-up questions to the hypothetical willingness to pay question.
Several elements can contribute to these differences: ex-ante and ex-post heterogeneity, country specific characteristics, and response-error bias in surveys.
We acknowledge that ex-post rebates were not taken into account in our price survey since they could not be assessed by the data providers at the time of the price data collection.
The study design was retrospective or ex-post facto.
It is difficult to address these questions with conventional survey data, because of inherent problems with endogeneity and ex-post rationalization; our experimental design circumvents these problems.
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