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Based on a structured ex-post reflection of PhD-students and their advisors and on the comparison of four transdisciplinary doctoral projects completed in the "Doctoral School Sustainable Development" at BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria, this article analyses what types of actors contributed what kind of knowledge in which research phase.
An ex post facto reflection such as this allows institutions to learn from the experiences of others.
The TH approach was developed as an ex post concept, reflecting the reality of developed economies.
The impacts of reflection provided were assessed in two ex durante evaluations and an ex post evaluation.
"The ex post is an illusion".
That would be ex post facto with a vengeance.
The ex post facto clause bars retroactive punishment.
The days of ex post facto price justification are over.
Unfortunately potential output is not observable, not even ex post".
Infrastructure requires evaluation ex ante and ex post.
Importantly, there is a conflict between ex ante efficient and ex post efficient contracting decisions.
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