We also show that the monitoring of ex-post information benefits the buyer.
Based on this model, we formulate and solve two flexible contract design problems, assuming private and public observation of the ex-post information available at time two (e.g. wind speed realization), respectively.
For example, whereas ex-ante information on a firm's intended strategy is largely non-financial and describes management's projected course of action, the ex-post information on strategy realization is mainly reflected by short-term financial results.
Although in principle we could use the entire time series for classification, ex-post information would not serve our goal of early detection of social media campaigns in a streaming scenario that resembles a real setting, where information about the future evolution of a trend is obviously unavailable.
While the econometrician may not know at every point in time the information available to the board with respect to such investment opportunities for a general industry, ex post the information may be revealed in the balance sheet.
Usually, (written) mission reports provide ex post facto information about an event, its impacts, and an analysis of the coping measures.
Indeed, returning to the terminology introduced in Section 1.3, the epistemic conditions for Nash equilibrium are those that correspond to the ex post state of information disclosure, "when all is said and done", to put it figuratively.
This Article considers how legal-institutional design choices affect government decisionmakers' incentive to invest in information, as well as how to manage the inevitable trade-off between promoting efficient use of information ex post and stimulating efficient acquisition of information ex ante.
The ex post system provides more information and thus results in more accurate screening than does the ex ante system, but it also may deter risk-averse applicants from making country-specific investments that benefit the host country.
The foregoing estimates rely on full information ex post, but we wondered when it would also be possible to detect a difference in the friend group and the random group in real time, given less complete data.
Since GPs serve as agents for different patients for the same set of conditions on an ongoing basis, they are well positioned to observe quality ex post and use that information to advise future patients.
