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In contrast to the integrated transport program, the masterplan was based on extensive ex ante discussions with stakeholders.
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Ex ante or ex-post moral hazard, consumers' misperceptions of risk, performance risk, and so on.
To guide the analyses toward population outcomes warranting further discussion and response, several ex ante criteria were adopted, viz: 1. Mean change across the three available periods must be incremental and in the same direction.
An important distinction which emerges from our discussion of "heterogeneous treatment effects" is between ex post (descriptive) and ex ante (predictive) evaluations; these two types of evaluations have distinct, but complementary goals.
Our discussions at the local, provincial and national levels explaining the design ex ante were key in QIDS.
We note that some such contract theoretic issues are addressed in the institutionalized corporatist model of Teulings and Hartog (1998), who argue that corporatism achieves allocative efficiency through the establishment of ex ante nominal binding contracts that obviate the need for inefficient ex post negotiation or recontracting (see the macro flexibility discussion below).
"There is no ex ante quantitative limit to the interventions".
Finance academics like to refer to this concept as the equity risk premium (for a longer discussion, see here) and you can break this down into two measures; what investors expected to earn (the ex ante premium) and what they actually get (the ex post premium).
A lower ex ante risk premium implies higher returns in the short term.
But the metaphor is hard to use effectively because what really matters is ex ante.
The failure of an international bank needs ex ante cooperation agreements with other countries, particularly Britain.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com