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Our simulations were kept simple in that there was little opportunity for evolving specializations that would either enhance defenses against predators, and/or increase the ability of predators to improve their detection and capture of prey.
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Here, there is evolving specialization of former socialized farms in response to market conditions.
If that is the case, it would suggest that these changes may have been present in the ancestor of present-day D. sechellia as it was evolving specialization on morinda.
All five strains carry Catsup alleles with a 45-bp deletion and five conserved non-synonymous mutations (out of a total of nine); suggesting that these changes may have been present in the ancestor of present-day D. sechellia as it was evolving specialization on morinda.
The strains we examine here have evolved specialization to their environment through apparent loss of function.
However, deer rely little on coarse-fibred grasses, and they have not evolved grazing specializations comparable to those found in bovids.
Position of hyoid bones (shaded) with tongue retracted (A) and extended (B), shown in the hairy …The earliest birds were probably insectivorous, as are many modern ones, and the latter have evolved many specializations for catching insects.
This asymmetry allows optimally foraging consumers to evolve phenotypic specializations on non-preferred resources without greatly compromising their ability to use preferred resources.Specialists should often reject the very resources that they have evolved traits to use" (p. 223).
Based on the above findings and related studies, we propose the following theory: Cerebral systems that control vocal learning in distantly related animals evolved as specializations of a pre-existing motor system inherited from their common ancestor that controls movement, and perhaps motor learning.
According to "intercalation" theories the larval stages (planktotrophic or lecithotrophic) have evolved as specializations from the ancestral, direct life cycle [ 2– 4].
Duplicated genes are most likely to be retained in the genome when the two descendant copies partition ancestral subfunctions of the single-copy progenitor or when one or both copies evolve new specializations of function (Lynch and Force 2000; Lynch et al. 2001).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com