After a volcanic debris avalanche, these processes represent an ever changing and evolving hazard-scape with hazard maps needing to be regularly updated to take account of which stage the sedimentary system is in.
These represent demands on the goal of prioritising tasks and information needs over and above those emanating from the complex, evolving volcanic hazard.
Study of poroelastic rebound helps to better understand the contributions of fluid-flow processes in shaping the transient stress field and evolving earthquake hazard (e.g., Peltzer et al., 1998; Hughes et al., 2010) and to gain insights on the permeability/porosity structure of and fluid flow in subduction zone systems (e.g., Nur and Walder 1990).
Second, such systems need to evolve over time: in this instance, with the emergence of new types of road hazards and traffic management technology.
Coherent, and auditable, tracking of time-evolving hazard levels is desirable, but this is a significant challenge, even with the assistance of a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN).
The methodology, named qualitative Evolving Rockfall Hazard Assessment (ERHA), intends to be a simple tool for a quick identification of the most hazardous sections of a highwall.
"I see the lead-paint industry as adjusting to the changing nature of the hazard," he says, "and working collaboratively with the public health community as the nature of the domestic hazard evolved".
We hope that our systematic exploration of the social and economic impacts stimulates important discussions and provides a foundation for the future work that is necessary and critical for designing technologies and implementing policies that can effectively reduce our known and evolving vulnerabilities to this natural hazard.
Even earlier than these observations, Darwin explained that a natural selection occurs in organisms dying primarily from predation and environmental hazards and consequently evolving a life span optimized for their own particular environment (Weinert and Timiras 2003).
Only under certain conditions, natural events can evolve into natural hazards and disasters (Plate and Merz 1993; Alcántara-Ayala 2002).
Such deviations may signal new systemic hazards such as failure or error in a particular clinical IT system, as well as help study how such hazards evolve over time.
