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Females could potentially respond to male mating harassment either by physically resisting male mating attempts [18] [21], or by evolving fitness tolerance to the damage inflicted from extra matings [3], [6], [7], [22].
Being quantum mechanical observers having different clocks, they generate perpetually evolving fitness landscape.
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Note that local group selection is also the ultimate mechanism that keeps the system coexistent in the first place – its effect through evolved fitness evenness is an extra component of ecological robustness in the Metabolically Coupled Replicator System.
This exploratory paper does not provide evidence that B. subtilis, or any other microbe, is intelligent or is playing an evolved, fitness-enhancing memory strategy.
Among such newly evolved, fitness-increasing functions will be those that increase replication fidelity which, in turn, allows further increase in the amount of encoded information.
We study the evolution of large but finite asexual populations evolving in fitness landscapes in which all mutations are either neutral or strongly deleterious.
The image of populations evolving on fitness landscapes traces to Sewall Wright's seminal work in the thirties [ 3].
Of course, this drop does not represent the full negative impact of deleterious mutations, but understanding its magnitude could facilitate resolving the enigma of T7 evolving higher fitness under mutagenesis.
Further, the length of time designs take to evolve (how fitness changes) indicates that punctuated equilibrium seems to be an essential ingredient of change.
Phenotypic flexibility is expected to evolve in fitness traits, of which egg size has received much attention as a form of pre-natal maternal care enhancing the chance of offspring survival under adverse environmental conditions [2], [16].
This calculation does not prove that the history-dependence we have observed is an evolved and fitness enhancing memory strategy in a game, but it is suggestive..or an artifact of metabolism?: Then again, the explanation could have little to do with evolutionary games.
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