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Upon extraction and conversion of the geospatial data into 3D models, excavator operators are able to persistently visualize what utilities lie buried in a digging machine's vicinity, and consciously avoid accidental utility strikes as excavation progresses by estimating the evolving distance between the digging machine and vicinal utilities (Figure 11).
The percentage of reprogrammed states among states with the same evolving distance to the sporulation attractors were calculated.
Also, for the cell states with the same evolving distance to the sporulation attractors, not all of them can be reprogrammed.
Obviously, the closer to the sporulation attractor (short evolving distance), the less cells were reprogrammed when switching condition from sporulation to growth.
Combination of perturbation and condition switching mimic the approach of generating iPS or transdifferentiated cells, in which perturbations are introduced to cell type A and the cells are cultured in medium (conditions) for cell type B to reprogram cell type A to B. We grouped cell states based on their evolving distance to the sporulation attractor.
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Comparison of population sizes between populations with a fixed or evolving dispersal distance d at different rates of climate change.
Will it evolve from distance learning technology?
Comparison of the average evolved dispersal distance δ with the lowest dispersal distance δ* that allows a population to track the shifting window without going extinct (full line from Fig. 1B), indicates that evolved dispersal distances are always higher than is absolutely necessary for tracking a shifting climate window.
Great calls likely evolved for distance communication, as they are audible up to 1 km or further through the forest [ 40– 42], although the intensity of these calls has previously been measured in only one gibbon species, the siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) [ 43].
Interestingly, evolved dispersal distances are always higher than necessary for range expansion through invasion in a landscape without shifting climate windows.
In fact, most primates have evolved long-distance calls with dominant frequencies < 1.5 kHz, probably because they propagate farther and are less susceptible to masking by forest noise.
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