If there is evidence of differences between ancestral-range genotypes and invasive ones, then it is possible the plasticity evolved in the invaded range by specific adaptations of genotypes (Richards et al. 2006).
In the long run, mechanisms of dosage compensation have evolved in a range of taxa to equalize expression levels between the X and autosomes (Bull 1983; Charlesworth 1996).
This may point to a role of plasticity in ensuring an efficient mandible shape that evolved in the context of a given range of food resources and associated muscular functioning.
Inducible defenses evolved in a range of evolutionarily diverse organisms from bacteria to vertebrates [ 1], but waterfleas (Daphnia), small planktonic crustaceans, are particularly famous for their large variety of spectacular inducible defenses.
Wild species of rice have evolved in a wide range of environments over millions of years (Stebbins 1981).
4 Over the years, GA methodology has evolved, as has the range of its applications.
This type of absorption spectroscopy has evolved in a wide range of methods such as cavity enhanced spectroscopy, cavity ring down spectroscopy, wavelength modulation spectroscopy, etc.; an overview of these spectroscopic methods can be found elsewhere (Berden et al. 2000; Brown 2003).
They have evolved in a diverse range of animals and often fulfil highly specialised biological functions as in lung alveoli of higher vertebrates, wing joints of flying insects or in spider silk [ 43].
During the Triassic period, these animals dominated the freshwater ecosystems, evolving in a range of both small and large forms.
Thus, exaptation constitutes one mechanism by which traits could evolve in the native range that would facilitate invasion of a novel environment.
A possible explanation is that polymorphism of many loci evolved in the recent evolutionary past and therefore is confined to a phylogenetically narrow range of taxa.
