Although Protox and ferrochelatase are presumed to have evolved in parallel, the mode of interaction of the three types of Protox isofunctional enzymes with ferrochelatase remains unknown.
Nonetheless, at least two very different modes of PGC specification have evolved in the animal kingdom (Nieuwkoop and Sutasurya, 1979, 1981).
Since the planarian is believed to have maintained its free-living life mode, the lineage members might also have endogenously evolved in the protostomian stage.
Based on analysis of the evolution mode, it was determined whether genes (proteins) of each cluster evolve in the positive selection mode (PS = 1) or not (PS = 0) on a certain tree branch.
For this purpose, in a sample of 911 clusters, the number of clusters assigned to a particular functional class (Class) and evolving in the positive selection mode on a certain tree branch, n(Class + PS), was calculated.
A comparison of synonymous and non-synonymous divergence revealed remnants of divergent evolution in the younger gene, while the older gene evolved in a neutral mode.
As trade has evolved in geographic reach, scale, mode, and type of commodity, so too have the human health implications.
KAR, SSE, SSZ, and LHS subfamilies evolved in a simple divergent mode with little copy number dynamics.
More specifically, the patterns may have evolved in response to differences in the prevailing mode of Y chromosome degeneration in each stratum: 1) A successive gene-by-gene degeneration in stratum I, that may allow for a likewise successive gene-by-gene mechanism of dosage compensation, and 2) a deletion of large segments in the wake of chromosome inversions in stratum II (Ross and Peichel 2008).
