The image of Bahrain as a model of how democracy can evolve in the middle east, carefully nurtured by the ruling al-Khalifa family, has been severely dented.
This had suggested that the European type was an ancient one, which evolved in the Middle East or other Asian crossroads more than 10,000 years ago.
For example, even if the mtDNA haplogroup H evolved in the Middle East ~18,000-15,000 ~18,000-15,000 years agont H sub-groups observed in this region, albeit at a rather low frequency, such as H1, arose outside and are most likely the result of gene flow from Europe [ 34] 37].
The presence of fibrolamellar bone tissue in Pistosaurus suggests that these features had already evolved in the Pistosauroidea by the Middle Triassic, well before the plesiosaurs radiated.
Based on nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies, we conclude that tribe Fabeae evolved in the Eastern Mediterranean in the middle Miocene.
Fabeae evolved in the Eastern Mediterranean in the middle Miocene and spread from there across Eurasia, into Tropical Africa, and at least seven times to the Americas.
Hence, outside stimulus was lacking, and the Islamic disapproval of idolatry was so intense that when the shadow theatre evolved in the East, in the late Middle Ages, the puppets were regularly punched with holes to show that they were lifeless.
As Judaism, Christianity, and Islam evolved in the Middle East and Europe, the monotheistic religions began to cement the worship of a new, exclusively male order: God, King, Priest, and Father.
