Sentence examples for evolved in the laboratory from inspiring English sources

We also found that proteins evolved in the laboratory follow an essentially identical distribution, whereas de novo designed folds show markedly less destabilizing distributions (i.e. they seem more robust to the effects of mutations).

Once a candidate has evolved in the laboratory, it undergoes vast series of pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo examination and optimization procedures.

In the present paper, we further refine previous predictions derived from FGM [9], [10] to take into account some fitness functions compatible with experimental data and use these results to estimate the phenotypic complexity of two viruses evolved in the laboratory.

Now, Wolf et al. have carefully measured the gene expression noise of hundreds of synthetic promoters that were evolved in the laboratory from random DNA sequences, and a similar number of natural promoters in a bacterium called E. coli.

This latter case, often called 'bet-hedging (Veening et al., 2008),' is a strategy used by bacteria to avoid extinction from antibiotic stress during infection (Stewart and Cookson, 2012) and has evolved in the laboratory under fluctuating selection (Beaumount et al., 2009).

Previous work also showed that D. subobscura flies carrying O chromosomes derived from replicated thermal lines [ 49, 50] that had evolved in the laboratory at warm temperatures (22°C) had a higher total net fitness than its cold-adapted (13°C) counterparts; that is, a significant shift in thermal optima was observed [ 51].

This study is the first to report how populations of interspecific hybrid organisms evolving in the laboratory follow dramatically different evolutionary trajectories depending on the selective pressures applied.

Instead, researchers have used the human reference genome, despite its evident differences from that of a cancer cell line that has been evolving in the laboratory for several decades.

In the former, specific color patterns evolved [ 34], whereas in the latter, radiation resistance evolved, although the resistance that evolved in the population in the polluted localities should be demonstrated physiologically by laboratory experiments in subsequent studies.

Some laboratory studies are showing that insects avoid plants with high metal concentrations, and that pattern may explain how the metal-accumulating trait evolved in the first place.

While the basic concept of the PRNT remains constant, this test has evolved in multiple laboratories throughout the world since its development [ 4], introducing variation in methods that may influence the comparability of results.