Therefore, close proximity to ORC of at least 22 of these 26 paralogues either arose after the whole-genome duplication event, or was lost from their slowly evolving counterparts since this event.
This correlation is reflected in the absence of genes that are essential for growth from the list of 115 rapidly evolving paralogues that arose during the whole genome duplication, compared to the 18 slowly evolving counterparts of these genes that are essential for growth [ 27].
Interestingly, this new function is not only essential for these protist parasites, but also has an analogous (independently evolved, convergent) counterpart in other organisms.
We further demonstrate that, in each asymmetrically evolving pair of paralogs, the faster evolving member of the pair tends to have lower average expression rate, lower expression uniformity and higher frequency of non-synonymous SNPs than its slower evolving counterpart.
The faster evolving member of the most asymmetric pairs also had, on average, a significantly higher Ka/Ks ratio for segregating SNPs than its slower evolving counterpart, indicating either relaxed stabilising selection or positive selection acting on these loci (with caveats, [ 54]).
Even more strikingly, in eukaryotic budding yeast, functionally analogous proteins that arose independently from bacterial counterparts also evolved to convergent in-pathway expression.
Hollywood's portrayal of women may leave much to be desired but most would agree that female characters in American films are far more realistic and evolved than their Bollywood counterparts.
This turning point has had far-reaching and entrenched legacies on why half a century after the process of independence started, African countries are still struggling amidst old and new development challenges, while their Asian counterparts have evolved into regional or world authorities.
Of course, today's divorced man is a more evolved creature than his counterpart of a generation or two ago.
"The customer experience on the Mac App Store hasn't evolved like its iOS counterpart," Bohemian Coding wrote.
