These results indicated that natural DHQases had evolved broad catalytic properties, probably for reasons to serve their hosts at different growing conditions.
This review will discuss the recent protein engineering strategies and achievements made in the development of evolved broad-spectrum OP degradation enzymes.
For example, the Vietnamese pine has evolved broad leaves, i.e. flattened needles, to compete for light with evergreen angiosperm trees in tropical forests [ 95].
Moreover, in Drosophila, comparison of young and old duplicates supported the "out of the testis" hypothesis of new gene emergence, in which new genes arise with testis-specific functions and evolve broader functions over time [ 39].
Expansion can occur after a species is introduced to a new region if its populations in that region evolve broader individual repertoires of adaptive plasticity to contrasting conditions (e.g. Lavergne and Molofsky 2007; reviewed in Richards et al. 2006; Matesanz et al. 2010).
This conserved pattern of greatest variation may constitute a potential to repeatedly evolve broad molars in evolutionary lineages of murine rodents [47].
Specifically, whereas bacteria can readily evolve broad resistance ranges via single spontaneous mutations, phage evolution of broad infectivity ranges during coevolution seems to require the stepwise acquisition of multiple mutations and is relatively more constrained (Hall et al., 2011a, b).
Adapting to the strange new foods of the islands, some have evolved taller, broader, more powerful nut-cracking beaks; the most impressive of the big-beaked finches is Geospiza magnirostris.
Popular backlash to the decision evolved into broader opposition against Sisi and his government earlier this month, when protests carrying the 2011-era chant "down with military rule" spilled into the streets of central Cairo.
Although generalist φX174 populations evolved even broader diets at low host density, they did not show a tendency to evolve the predicted specialist foraging strategy at high host density.
