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Additional transmembrane segments have evolved attached to the basic 2TM motif, generating 6TM proteins (one-subunit-6TM), which ancestral gene sequences have duplicated further into assemblages of two or four 6TM-linked subunits (two-subunits- or four-subunits-6TMs; Fig. 2).
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In the spiny thickets of southwestern Madagascar, they were also likely to have dispersed seeds evolved to attach to fur and be carried away.
Insects have evolved fibrillar attachment devices based on wet adhesion to attach themselves to a variety of surfaces.
Although Justin Bieber's hit "Boyfriend" has nothing on "Call Me Maybe" or "We Are Young" when it comes to the number of covers and spoofs it's inspired, the song has still inspired some pretty great renditions -- the most famous of them being, of course, the creepy fan video that evolved into the "overly attached girlfriend" meme.
Figure 2 (right), shows an alignment of two maps where the replaced (matched/mismatched) characters are put above each other and the units evolved by duplications are attached to arcs.
As flowers evolved intricate structures to attach pollinia some orchids stick them smack between the eyes of their favorite insect species, for instance—reproductive barriers likely formed, giving birth to new species.
These forms are suggested to be subjected to sexual selection which is seen in populations where males evolve wider tarsi and attached suckers in the presence of modified reticulated females [13].
It has been suggested that the placenta of eutherian mammals evolved from a much simpler tissue attached to the eggshell of birds and reptiles [ 18].
The classical theory is that the ancestor was like a cephalochordate, and that one lineage became attached to hard surfaces and evolved into tunicates, whereas another remained unattached and evolved into vertebrates.
Chlamydia has evolved a number of ways to attach to various host cells and infect different tissues according to serovariant and species [ 29, 30].
Scale-free networks can evolve through preferential attachment where new nodes are preferentially attached to well connected nodes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com