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In the case of symmetry and highly feminine traits, scientists posit that we may have evolved a preference for them.
When mutation probability increased linearly with male age, females generally evolved a preference for younger males and avoided intermediate age males (Fig. 1A).
Yellow, for example, is well-known to affect sexual selection when males carry it [46], and under this protocol males may have evolved a preference for this "Frankenfly" female phenotype.
While a large number of oral bacteria preferentially catabolize carbohydrates, previous results from our laboratory revealed that A. actinomycetemcomitans has evolved a preference for L-lactate despite its apparent inferiority as a carbon and energy source [9].
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But how could they evolve a preference for something they had never encountered and should, logic suggests, find off-putting?
David Conover of Stony Brook University in New York state says the important question is whether the deep-sea cod will ever evolve a preference for shallow waters.
If females subsequently evolve a preference for the trait, the double pulse pattern may become stabilized.
Based on this same assumption, Ellegren recently predicted that females should evolve a preference for younger males [16].
If females can differentiate among males based on age, they will evolve a preference that is consistent with their choosing males with the lowest gamete mutation load.
When we incorporate age-related increases in mutation load in males into our model, we find that females evolve a preference for younger males.
Finally, our model suggests that if absolute mutation load is low across all age classes, females will not evolve a preference based on male age.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com