Which raises the question: have house sparrows evolved specific adaptations for living alongside humans?
Prior studies have shown that oral CRISPR repertoires have evolved specific adaptations to oral phage populations [ 28].
The nematodes appear to have evolved specific adaptations to enter and persist in the harsh environment of slug intestines, possibly indicating first steps towards a parasitic life-style.
However, pinnipeds present unique problems when using chemical immobilization agents because they have evolved specific adaptations in their respiratory, cardiovascular and thermoregulatory systems enabling them to dive for extended periods.
However, in the case of rare or completely novel scenarios of stress, the organism is unlikely to have had sufficient prior opportunities to evolve specific programs of adaptation.
Humans have evolved specific psychological adaptations to negotiate status hierarchies, overcome coordination challenges, form cooperative coalitions, solve group decision-making problems, and deal with members of out-groups (Van Vugt and Kameda, 2012).
This suggests that the species groups might have evolved specific morphological adaptations that allow their sympatric occurrence with the members of other Nannomys lineages.
Alternatively, cystatins in T. urticae may have evolved as specific adaptations to the lifestyle of an extremely polyphagous species to deal with highly variable resources.
Thus, it is meaningful to identify putative novel protein-coding genes (orphan genes) in G. pachycheilus, which might have evolved specific functional roles and contributed to their adaptation to Tibetan plateau.
First of all, consistent environmental differences may exist between major European river basins, and trout populations may have evolved drainage-specific adaptations during extended periods of allopatric divergence.
