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In a second model, H2, the θ or the ε clade was allowed to evolve at a rate that differs from both the foreground and the background rates.
We examined levels of protein sequence divergence between 1∶1 orthologues to determine whether specific functional categories evolve at a rate that is different from the transcriptome as a whole.
However, TAAR4 in Cercopithecinae did not evolve at a rate significantly larger than 1 and also showed no explicit evidence for specific sites under positive selection (branch-site model, Table 2, Table S6).
In such a model the ψ1 lineages indeed evolve at a rate that is not different from 1 as expected (model G versus model F, Table 1, Table S6).
We estimated a rate of IHHNV nucleotide substitution of 1.39×10−4 substitution/ site/ year, which is unexpectedly high for a single-stranded DNA virus, and comparable to RNA viruses which evolve at a rate of 10−3 to 10−5 substitutions/site/year [42], [43].
The mitochondrial genes most commonly used in these studies (cytochrome b and 12S) are normally assumed to evolve at a rate of ~1% per million years [ 21].
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Like computers, superhots are evolving at a rate that embarrasses the phenomena of just a few years ago.
Previous studies of DNA evolution involving birds had estimated that the mitochondrial genome evolved at a rate of about 2percentt per million years.
However, it seems as if the new senator's politics are evolving at a rate previously seen only in science-fiction movies.
The guppies evolved at a rate between 3700 and 45,000 darwins.
What is not in dispute, however, is that the consumer web, social media, and mobile devices evolved at a rate faster than most local merchants could keep up with.
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