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Those two large kinds, though symmetric now, stand in evolutionary relation.
Despite mechanistic differences, an ancient evolutionary relation of PDS and CRTI is apparent.
Using the taxa in Fig. 1, a comparable question is whether the trout or the skunk is the closest evolutionary relation to the lizard, and why.
An example of the second type of explanation is: "Fern is a closer evolutionary relation with the juniper because it has had less divergences from the shared common ancestor" (stronger background, Fig. 2).
Novick and Catley (2012) also found that students have difficulty evaluating which of two taxa is the closest evolutionary relation to a third, reference taxon when the reference taxon is at an intermediate hierarchical level between the two comparison taxa.
For example, for the plant cladogram in Fig. 2, students were asked "Which taxon fern or oak tree is the closest evolutionary relation to the juniper?" These three taxa are located at different levels in the cladogram, with the juniper occupying a hierarchically intermediate position relative to the fern and the oak tree.
Similar(28)
Several studies have tested the performance of different genetic distance measures in resolving the evolutionary relations of closely related populations or species from microsatellite data [ 82, 83].
Animals, on the other hand — and not just close evolutionary relations like chimps and gorillas, but species further afield, mammals like cows and pigs — can experience what pretty much anyone would agree is pain and suffering.
In nearly every way that you might choose to compare, fungi are likely to be more similar to us than are plants, as fungi are our closer evolutionary relations.
At the same time, these two models of "long-term evolutionary relations" could represent "key factors" in the evolution between viruses and multi-cellular organisms.
We suggest that the long-term evolutionary legacies of AMF-plant interactions in native range of Conyza, as against the relatively short-term and rapid evolutionary relations in non-native regions, might play some role in these differences.
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