It is interesting that deleting genes that are upregulated during stress or starvation leads to higher growth rates, which might reflect an evolutionary tradeoff between proliferation and stress protection.
A hierarchy of factors emerged, with the 'optimal' (in an evolutionary context) root proliferation strategy depending on resource levels and their distribution, and on the presence or absence of competition.
These issues include the timing of intron origin and proliferation, the evolutionary history of introns and mechanisms of intron loss/gain in eukaryotic organisms, and the evolutionary dynamics that can explain their existence.
Additionally, we conclude that this major evolutionary process of Alu proliferation is driven by internal forces, written in the chemistry of DNA, rather than by external selection.
To be the fittest is central to proliferation in evolutionary games.
The driving evolutionary explanation for this proliferation is unclear, but it could reflect adaptation to the complex chemical and xenobiotic environment of soil life [ 5- 8].
The amenable nature of this group of sunflowers to experimental study and the excellent genomic resources now emerging for Helianthus should greatly facilitate future work on the likely causes and evolutionary consequences of retrotransposon proliferation in these species.
The HIV virus is known for its ability to exploit numerous genetic and evolutionary mechanisms to ensure its proliferation, among them, high replication, mutation and recombination rates.
The genome assembly of the nearly-homozygous line PN40024 [ 12] allows a deeper investigation into the structure of the F3'5'H locus and into the evolutionary events that caused their proliferation in grapevine.
Given mounting evidence that neoplasms are characterized by increased mutation rates, chromosomal anomalies, and epigenetic alterations, applying evolutionary thinking to study the proliferation of cancerous cells is crucial to understanding neoplastic progression.
